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synthetic division : ウィキペディア英語版
synthetic division
In algebra, synthetic division is a method of performing polynomial long division, with less writing and fewer calculations. It is mostly taught for division by binomials of the form

:x - a,\
but the method generalizes to division by any monic polynomial, and to any polynomial.
The advantages of synthetic division are that it allows one to calculate without writing variables, it uses few calculations, and it takes significantly less space on paper than long division. Also, the subtractions in long division are converted to additions by switching the signs at the very beginning, preventing sign errors.
Synthetic division for linear denominators is also called division through Ruffini's rule.
== Regular synthetic division ==
The first example is synthetic division with only a monic linear denominator x-a .
:\frac
Write the coefficients of the polynomial that is to be divided at the top (the zero is for the unseen 0''x'').
:\begin
\begin \\ \\ \end
&
\begin
1 & -12 & 0 & -42 \\
& & & \\
\hline
\end
\end
Negate the coefficients of the divisor.
:

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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